Georgia Residential Contractor Practice Exam

What is the primary purpose of a septic tank?

1. To distribute water

2. To filter rainwater

3. To settle out solid matter from liquid

4. To recycle waste

The correct answer is: To settle out solid matter from liquid

The primary purpose of a septic tank is to settle out solid matter from liquid waste. This process is crucial in a septic system, which is typically used in areas without access to a centralized sewer system. The septic tank receives wastewater from the home, allowing solids to settle at the bottom, forming sludge, while the liquid effluent rises to the top. This separation is essential because it prevents solid waste from entering the drain field, where it could clog the soil and disrupt the overall functioning of the system. As the settled solids decompose anaerobically within the tank, the liquid effluent undergoes biological treatment, where beneficial bacteria help to break down remaining organic materials before it is discharged into the drain field for further treatment by the soil. By focusing on this function of settling solids, the septic tank effectively manages household waste while protecting groundwater and surrounding environments from contamination. This understanding is critical for anyone involved in property development, construction, or home maintenance concerning septic systems.